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Chinese scientists have found genetic mutation common mechanism
In the colorful life of the world, what causes the diversity of life creating attractive? After years of painstaking research professor at Nanjing University boldly made "Indel mutation hypothesis", with the newly discovered "universal mechanism of genetic mutation," cracked the biology of many suspense. July 20, the latest issue of "Nature" magazine published in Nanjing University to complete this independent research.
In the "natural" "published in eukaryotes insertion / deletion mutations increase the rate of the surrounding sequences," the paper, College of Life Science, Nanjing University, Professor Tian Dacheng, Chen and other independent groups and several drafts to complete wisdom.
Since 2005, their bio-informatics technology by human, chimpanzee, rhesus monkeys, mice, fruit flies, such as rice and different types of yeast genome sequences were compared to the analysis. Research found, DNA insertion / deletion (Indel) will cause a series of variations around. On this basis, they proposed "Indel mechanism of spontaneous mutation induction hypothesis", the success from the source to answer the "how the genetic variation of the formation of" the fundamental problems facing the life sciences. The hypothesis that the genome of different species can be used for reference frame to be tested, and received the support of a variety of test results.
Tian Dacheng explained that the mutations mainly refers to the nucleotide sequence of DNA, type and amount of change, and DNA sequence common point (bp) mutation is the basic source of genetic variation. Point mutations are divided into spontaneous mutation and induced mutation. For a long time, the academic system of the classical understanding of spontaneous mutation is spontaneous mutations by a number of factors, the result is a series of changes, with the randomness and rarity. But as the last century since the 90's DNA sequencing technology breakthrough, the researchers of the spontaneous mutations in the genome with the number and distribution of accurate estimates, and generally considered the "spontaneous mutations in the genome are not randomly distributed, the mutation Hot widespread in the genome. " This conclusion of the spontaneous mutation of traditional understanding of randomness and rarity, tremendous challenge, and this phenomenon has caused great concern among scientists, but unfortunately has not found a general mechanism to explain this major scientific questions.
Tian Dacheng and other genetic mutations discovered a new mechanism is of great scientific significance, successfully cracked a lot of suspense on biological genetics: first, all regions of the genome mutation rate is very different, the number of spontaneous mutation is the number and density of the Indel decision, the number of spontaneous mutations are not rare in Indel near, far away from Indel region is rare, but Indel itself is a point mutation, its occurrence has some randomness, so the induced mutations also have a certain randomness; Second, find the source of the majority of spontaneous mutation, ie, biological diversity, the initial source of variation is mainly induced by the Indel; Third, natural selection to a large extent by the choice of the Indel implementation The level of spontaneous mutation rate is largely the result of natural selection; Fourth, biological variation through the ability to regulate their own ability to adapt to the environment than people originally expected, though, that the role of mutations in evolution enormous .
The results not only lead to a large number of scientific issues, also has potential applications, such as the somatic cells of the Indel mutation effects may be the key to unlock the mechanism of tumor; large Indel overall mutation effects, understanding the origin of life play an important role; Indel amplification mutation heterozygote effect, the mutation rate can significantly increase the genetic breeding of crops have significant potential value.
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